Geologic map of the Camp Bowie area. The numerous sources of sandstone and limestone in the major geological formations within Camp Bowie made it an ideal location for constructing earth ovens, as well as obtaining chert for making stone tools. Holocene age (Qal) floodplain deposits, containing a variety of gravels, are associated with the secondary streams within the camp, as well as the Pecan Bayou floodplain just to the northeast of the project area. The Qu designation denotes Holocene or Pleistocene surficial deposits, which can exceed 50 feet in thickness in some areas. These are primarily limestone, with cherts and some quartz present. The Travis Peak Formation (Ktp), is Cretaceous in age, and contains a variety of materials including conglomerate, sandstone, and limestone. Cherts and quartz are present in the lower part of the formation. Finally, the Strawn Group (IPst) is a Pennsylvanian-age deposit containing sandstone, shale, mudstone, conglomerate, siltstone, and limestone. Several cases of sandstone deposits (e.g., ss32) are present as well. Map adapted from V. E. Barnes, Geologic Atlas of Texas, Brownwood Sheet, UT Bureau of Economic Geology 1976.